Stainless Steel Material Processing
Analysis of Difficulties in Stainless Steel Material Processing
ステンレス鋼加工の課題
When drilling, reaming, and boring stainless steel materials such as 1Cr18Ni9Ti and 2Cr13, common issues include:
- High Cutting Force and Temperature:
- Stainless steel has high strength and plastic deformation during cutting, resulting in large cutting forces.
- Poor thermal conductivity causes heat concentration near the tool edge, accelerating wear.
- Severe Work Hardening:
- Austenitic stainless steels have a strong tendency to work harden, which shortens tool life when cutting through hardened areas.
- Tool Sticking:
- The high cutting temperature and tough chips can cause sticking and welding to the tool, affecting surface roughness.
- Accelerated Tool Wear:
- High plasticity and cutting temperatures increase tool wear, requiring frequent sharpening and replacement, thus reducing efficiency.
Stainless Steel Material Processing Technology
Drilling
- Tool Geometry:
- Increase the top angle to 135°-140° for better durability and narrower chips.
- Sharpen the chisel edge with a bevel angle of 47°-55° and a rake angle of 3°-5°.
- Increase the back angle to 12°-15° to reduce wear and cutting temperature.
- Cutting Parameters:
- Cutting speed: 12-15 m/min.
- Feed rate: 0.32-0.50 mm/r.
- Use emulsion as a cooling medium to reduce cutting temperature.
Reaming
- Tool Geometry:
- Use carbide reamers with fewer teeth and a rake angle of 8°-12°.
- For high-speed reaming, a rake angle of 0°-5° can be used.
- Back angle: 8°-12°.
- Main deflection angle: 15°-30° for through holes, 45° for non-through holes.
- Blade inclination angle: 10°-20°.
- Back taper for carbide reamers: 0.25-0.5 mm/100 mm, high-speed steel reamers: 0.1-0.25 mm/100 mm.
- Cutting Parameters:
- Feed rate: 0.08-0.4 mm/r.
- Cutting speed: 10-20 m/min.
- Rough reaming allowance: 0.2-0.3 mm, fine reaming allowance: 0.1-0.2 mm.
- Use full-loss system oil or molybdenum disulfide as cooling medium.
Boring
- Tool Material:
- Use high-strength and high-thermal-conductivity carbide (YW or YG).
- For fine processing, YT14 and YT15 carbide inserts are suitable.
- For batch processing, ceramic tools (Sialon or SiC whisker reinforced ceramics) or CBN (cubic boron nitride) can be used.
- Tool Geometry:
- Cemented carbide tools: Rake angle of 10°-30°, back angle of 5°-12°, and main deflection angle of 30°-75°.
- Ceramic tools: Negative rake angle of -5° to -12°, back angle of 5°-12°, and main deflection angle of 30°-75°.
- CBN tools: Rake angle of 0°-10°, back angle of 12°-20°, and main deflection angle of 45°-90°.
- Cutting Parameters:
- Use low speed and large feed rate for cutting.
- When using ceramic tools, select cutting amount based on wear durability and tool breakage laws.
- For continuous cutting, the cutting amount can be selected based on tool wear life.
- Cutting Fluid:
- Choose fluids with good anti-adhesion and heat dissipation, such as those with high chlorine content or synthetic cutting fluids like H1L-2.
By applying these methods, the processing difficulties of stainless steel can be mitigated, significantly improving tool life and production efficiency while reducing costs and labor intensity.
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